Then, word-based writing systems developed. First, people only used pictographs to express ideas. There have been several significant developments in writing over the course of time.
Writing is often referred as one of the major communication revolutions in human history (Gunaratne, 2001). Some examples of these handicrafts include baskets, mats, hats, and trays.When talking about the history of literacy, it is necessary to examine the history of writing technology. Additionally, the people living in these regions rely on papyrus plants as raw materials to produce handicrafts, which are then sold in local markets. Typical homes in these areas have papyrus roofs and even papyrus floors. Here, subsistence communities utilize papyrus as a building material. Today, papyrus can still be found in traditional communities throughout central and eastern regions of Africa. This weakness caused papyrus to be replaced by parchment around the beginning of the first century AD. Because this particular material is not very flexible, it cannot be folded in half without breaking. In humid conditions, however, papyrus is susceptible to mold and rot. These uncovered papyrus artifacts have been preserved over time because they were stored and buried in arid and dry environmental conditions. To prevent unnecessarily unrolling the scrolls to identify their general contents, ancient academics also wrote out a sort of table of contents on flat, clay blocks that were stored near the scrolls. In long written texts, the papyrus is stored in the form of a scroll and ordered according to subject of content or by author. Archaeologists have uncovered several ancient examples that provide invaluable information about ancient surgery, the construction process of the Great Pyramids, and even ancient legends and local stories. Researchers believe that the primary use of papyrus was to record written messages during ancient times. Researchers believe that hard, round objects were used to rub the papyrus material. Once the material has dried, the finishing stage is to polish its surface. This semi-finished product is left to dry under weights so that it retains a flat shape and does not curl up around the edges. The manufacturing process continues while the strips are still damp and the producer uses a hammer to pound the two layers together so that they adhere to each other, forming a single piece. This process is repeated again, with the second layer placed over the first in the opposite direction. While these strips are still fresh and damp, the producer places them side by side, allowing the edges to sit on top of each other slightly. The inner material, known as pith, is harvested and separated into 16-inch pieces.
This plant has a long stem that is cut lengthwise so that the outer covering may be removed. The Cyperus papyrus plant, which resembles a reed and grows in swamp-like conditions, is necessary for the production and manufacture of papyrus material. Modern paper and books are considered the descendents of papyrus materials. The term papyrus may also refer to a type of scroll made up of sheets of papyrus that have been rolled together from either side to meet in the middle. The oldest examples of papyrus are believed to have originated between 15 BC and were discovered in Egypt along the shores of the Red Sea in 20 AD. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material that dates back to the ancient Egyptian era.
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